By intravenously injecting an adeno-associated virus (AAV) overexpressing tRF3-IleAAT, it was observed that tRF3-IleAAT directly targeted the 3′UTR of its downstream target gene zinc finger protein 281 (ZNF281), thereby inhibiting ferroptosis and ECM synthesis in a DKD mouse model, ultimately improving renal function (Qiao et al., 2024). The gene discussed is TBPL2; the disease is diabetic kidney disease.