PPARGC1A and brain ischemia: In the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO)-IH group, as an effective measure of HPC, the AMPK-PGC-1α-Sirt3 signaling pathway was activated, mitochondrial biogenesis was promoted, mitochondrial ultrastructural damage was repaired, and mitochondrial function was improved, thereby reducing brain damage and promoting motor function recovery in rats with cerebral ischemia (Su et al. 2022).