As a key tumor suppressor, p53 is frequently dysfunctional in breast cancer and CRC, contributing to tumor progression (Fig. 1) (Farmer et al., 2025; Nakanishi et al., 2025; Wolfrum et al., 2022; Charni et al., 2017; Zilfou and Lowe, 2009). This evidence concerns the gene TP53 and neoplasm.