Multi-omics (genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics) provides a systems-level view of PTLC biology, enabling: deconvolution of cellular ecosystems (cancer/immune/stromal); nomination of druggable pathways beyond EGFR; and remodeling of response monitoring using circulating tumor DNA and proteo-metabolomic signals.[13,14] Integrated multi-omics has accelerated target discovery and precision pharmacology in cancer and is directly applicable to PTLC, where atypical radiologic phenotypes may reflect distinct molecular circuits.[15]. Here, EGFR is linked to cancer.