LEP and diabetes mellitus: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, impaired lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance.[1] The prevalence of T2DM has been steadily increasing worldwide, and it is a major public health concern due to its association with various comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease.[2] In addition to the traditional risk factors, recent studies have suggested that adipose tissue-derived hormones such as leptin play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of T2DM and its related complications.[3,4]