CCL19 and rheumatoid arthritis: In cancer cells, C-C chemokines primarily mediate biological functions including proliferation, anti-apoptosis, drug resistance, migration, and invasion.[27] Studies demonstrate that serum CCL19 levels are significantly elevated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and markedly reduced posttreatment, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for disease activity and therapeutic response.[28] However, reports on CCL19 in IBD remain extremely limited, and its precise role in IBD pathogenesis remains unclear.