VEGFA and macular retinal edema: The max A- and B-wave of the scotopic and photopic ERGs as well as implicit time of responses were significantly diminished in these individuals overall supporting the earlier conducted research detected central retinal vein occlusion, macular edema, diminished vision acuity (Shoeibi et al., 2016) and overexpression of VEGF-A in tears (Abbaszadeh et al., 2014) of the survivors of the IIW SM attack.