IL6 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Innate sensors (Toll-like and NOD-like receptors) promote NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin-domain–containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome assembly, raising interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6); obesity amplifies these inputs via adipose-derived cytokines and lipotoxic mediators, reinforcing a feed-forward loop (33–35).