Evidence in type 1 diabetes is more heterogeneous but generally supports early-phase attenuation without worsening late hypoglycemia when modest doses are used; small crossover studies report blunted 0–120 min excursions with 10–20 g protein given 10–15 min before the meal, with dose and insulin strategy determining late effects (T1D adults; n approximately 10–30 across studies; 10–20 g protein 10–15 min pre-meal; capillary/CGM sampling 0–2–4 h) (205, 206). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.