ALB and infection: Individual studies noted significant benefits: Feijó et al. (2) noted higher albumin and lower C-reactive protein with ω-3 supplementation; Klek et al. (20) noted lower postoperative complications with combined EN and PN; Liu et al. (7) noted lower infection rates with probiotics in neoadjuvant chemotherapy; Yang et al. (13) noted higher IgA and lower interleukin-6 levels with EN, PN, and ω-3 after gastrectomy; and Zhao et al. (15) noted lower diarrhea with fiber and probiotics during EN.