The PICO framework applied in this study was structured as follows: the Population (P) comprised adult subjects with T2DM; the Intervention (I) was empagliflozin; the Comparator (C) was placebo or standard diabetes care without SGLT2 inhibitors; and the Outcome (O) of interest was HHF, an important cardiovascular outcome in T2DM. Here, SLC5A2 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.