Nanotechnology further expands pyroptosis applications: a tumor-specific nanoparticle undergoes charge reversal and nanofiber formation within lysosomes, disrupting lysosomal integrity to trigger GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis, which reverses immunosuppression and potentiates PD-L1 blockade in aggressive breast and pancreatic tumors (163). Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.