IL31 and Alzheimer disease: In addition, the TCM Jiu-Wei-Yong-An Formula has been shown to reduce IL-31 expression in the skin of AD mice, while also alleviating cutaneous inflammation, pruritic behavior, epidermal hyperplasia, MCs infiltration, and dysregulated Th1/Th2 cytokine expression, exerting synergistic anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects primarily through inhibition of the JAK1/STAT3 and MAPK signaling pathways (203).