TGFB1 and neoplasm: AS-IV exerts anticancer effects through the regulation of PI3K/AKT, MAPK, NF-κB, and TGF-β/Smad pathways, leading to apoptosis induction, inhibition of epithelial–mesenchymal transition, modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment, reversal of multidrug resistance, and enhancement of chemosensitivity.