AR and prostate carcinoma: It is associated with more aggressive and therapy-resistant disease [69]. Inhibiting TOPK can suppress AR signaling, reduce tumor growth, and decrease metastatic potential, making it a valuable target for therapy in CRPC [70]. Pharmacologic inhibitors of TOPK (such as OTS-514) suppress AR signaling and tumor cell proliferation, suggesting their potential in CRPC therapy [71]. Because TOPK is highly expressed in tumor tissues but largely absent from normal adult tissues, it is also being explored as a potential biomarker for advanced and resistant prostate cancer.