SLC5A2 and heart failure: These cardiovascular and kidney benefits extend to patients with CKD stage 4, as SGLT-2 inhibitors were associated with a significant reduction in cardiovascular events (RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.82), hospitalization for heart failure (RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.55 to 1.00), and renal composite outcomes (RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.88) (85).