The risk variables included gender, age, BMI, diabetes mellitus, COPD, neoadjuvant treatment, preoperative hemoglobin, preoperative albumin, ASA, operation time, amount of intraoperative bleeding, prior abdominal surgery, thickness of SAT, thickness of rectus abdominis, SAT percentage, VAT percentage, skeletal muscle percentage, and colostomy surface area. The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.