MMP2 and breast carcinoma: These phytochemicals demonstrate competitive binding affinity for estrogen receptors α/β, with specific compounds including formononetin, quercetin, kaempferol, and biochanin A showing significant anti‐metastatic potential in 4T1 breast cancer models through dual mechanisms: (1) downregulation of matrix metalloproteinases MMP‐2/MMP‐9 coupled with upregulation of tissue inhibitors TIMP‐1/TIMP‐2 and (2) suppression of PI3K/Akt phosphorylation (Bighamanganeh et al. 2025).