GCG and type 2 diabetes mellitus: administered SGLT2is (n=21) and incretin mimetics (n=18) for 12 months to older adults with T2D with a mean age of 77 years; no significant changes were observed in various cognitive function assessments, including the Verbal Fluency Test, Attentive Matrices Test, and Babcock Story Recall Test in either group (p > 0.05).