Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) disrupts this barrier through virulence factors like gingipains, which degrade junctional proteins such as E-cadherin, increasing permeability.41–43 This facilitates bacterial translocation and the release of microbial components like LPS into the bloodstream, triggering systemic inflammation.44 Similar to intestinal barrier dysfunction, this process links oral infections to systemic conditions such as glucose intelorance and cardiovascular diseases. Here, CDH1 is linked to cardiovascular disorder.