Applying ROC curves (Fig. 2 and Supplementary Table 2), GAS6 showed excellent differentiation of DN patients from others at a cut-off of 174.65 pg/mL, with area under the curve (AUC) exceeding 0.9, specificity ranging from 82.8 to 98.3%, and 100% sensitivity for all 3 possibilities of discriminating DN from healthy control, DM, and from all normal kidney cases (control+DM). Here, GAS6 is linked to diabetes mellitus.