ALB and anemia (phenotype): A nomogram model was constructed based on the identified risk factors, with the predicted probability calculated as P = ex / (1 + ex), where x = –3.619 + 1.678 × age + 1.224 × ISS stage + 1.102 × ECOG score + 1.227 × anemia + 1.322 × neutropenia + 1.087 × albumin level.