Using a neonatal hyperoxia rodent model, which recapitulates the condition of prematurity, this study demonstrates a novel role for caspase-1 inhibition in preventing neonatal hyperoxia-induced aortic stiffness, cardiovascular inflammation, cardiac fibrosis, and improved alveolar structure, pulmonary vascular density and vascular remodeling, and attenuation of right ventricular hypertrophy. This evidence concerns the gene CASP1 and Right ventricular hypertrophy.