These observations are in line with data from the San Juan Overweight Adults Longitudinal Study, which also reported inverse associations of NC with HDL cholesterol, as well as with a study by Albassam et al [24 , 25] that reported strong correlations of the NC with HDL cholesterol, insulin, and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) at least in overweight and obese individuals. Here, INS is linked to Insulin resistance.