TARDBP and Alzheimer disease: Zhang et al. (2019) developed a staging system based on the TDP-43 dissemination sequence in PART, which is relatively similar to the one seen in AD, though more limited to the limbic system. Stage I has TDP-43 limited to the amygdala, spreading to the hippocampus in stage II, the neocortex in stage III, and finally to the putamen, pallidum, insular cortex, and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in stage IV (Zhang et al., 2019; Nag and Schneider, 2023).