The presence of TDP-43 and HS coexisting with AD corresponds to additional disproportionate hippocampal volume loss on MRI brain compared to AD alone, which is a clue pointing toward multiple underlying proteinopathies (de Flores et al., 2020; Yu et al., 2020; Lyu et al., 2024; Wisse et al., 2025). Here, TARDBP is linked to Alzheimer disease.