Recent studies implicate the cGAS-STING pathway in neuroinflammation (Paul et al., 2021), where cytosolic DNA sensing triggers Cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthesis, STING activation, and IFN-I induction—observed in Aβ-mediated microglial activation in AD (Govindarajulu et al., 2023), antiviral responses in viral encephalitis (Losarwar et al., 2025), and STING knockout suppressing astrocyte proliferation (Zhang et al., 2020). The gene discussed is STING1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.