For instance, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) significantly reduces HDM-induced IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IgE levels, whereas β-muricholic acid suppresses IL-6 and IL-33 production, underscoring the diverse metabolic pathways through which gut microbes influence asthma pathogenesis (Nakada et al., 2019). Here, IL13 is linked to asthma.