SNCA and Parkinson disease: In most cases, PD is a sporadic idiopathic disease that could be related to environmental factors, and only 10–15% of cases could be related to familiar PD such as SNCA, LRRK2, VPS35, PRKN, PINK1, GBA, and DJ-1 mutations (Blesa et al., 2016a,b; Shadrina and Slominsky, 2021).