CTLA4 and melanoma: Recent 10-year results from the KEYNOTE-006 and CheckMate 067 trials have confirmed that approximately 50% of patients with advanced melanoma achieved long-term overall survival (OS) benefit with single agent PD-1 blockade or combined CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade, respectively, marking an unprecedented shift in the natural history of this disease (2, 3).