The demyelination peak was characterized by reduced abundance of SCFA-producing genus Akkermansia and Dubosiella, increased intestinal permeability at the level of the mucus layer and tight junction networks, and shifts in mucosal immunity toward a pro-inflammatory state characterized by M1 macrophages and Th17 cell expansion together with elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-17, IL-1β) and changes in oxidative stress-related enzymes (iNOS, HO-1, SOD1/2), all of which were partially reversed during the remyelination phase. Here, NOS2 is linked to Peripheral demyelination.