On the measurement and phenotyping front, computer-vision models classify foods and portion sizes from images and wearable streams, reducing recall bias in dietary assessment, while ML applied to structural/functional MRI and diffusion data detects microstructural and connectivity patterns linked to obesity, insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, and oxidative-stress burden, complementing clinical scales. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.