There was also a trend for an association with variable “BMI” (odds ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.80–1.01; p = 0.06), and DHEA (odds ratio, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.01–1.01; p = 0.05) when controlling for heart failure, neoplasm, number of chronic diseases, MNA-SF, serum protein < 6/dL, hemoglobin, NT-proBNP, GFR, serum albumin, low physical activity, GDS, and Short-Blessed test (Model 1). Here, NPPB is linked to heart failure.