LTF and infection: From a general point of view, lactoferrin is known to exert its antiviral activity in the early phases of the infection process through different mechanisms, such as the inhibition of viral attachment and entry into host cells, the inhibition of viral replication and assembly, the inhibition of virus-driven cellular apoptosis, and the stimulation of immune responses [7,24,43,44,45,46,47,60].