The EMERGING-CTONG 1103 trial was one of the first phase II randomized clinical trials of neoadjuvant and adjuvant erlotinib versus gemcitabine and cisplatin in resectable stage IIIA-N2 EGFR-mutated NSCLC and showed that erlotinib may improve progression-free survival and overall survival [9]. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma.