Activating mutations in BRAF (gene coding B-Raf protein)—most notably the V600E substitution (most commonly found in melanoma, thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer, and non-small cell lung carcinoma)—or in KRAS confer constitutive downstream signaling, driving uncontrolled cellular proliferation, survival, and metastatic potential. This evidence concerns the gene BRAF and non-small cell lung carcinoma.