TNF and cancer: Similarly, a Danish registry following 43,419 IBD patients over a median of 8.2 years reported increased cancer risk with thiopurine monotherapy (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.36, 95% CI 1.17–1.57) and combination therapy with anti-TNF agents (aHR 2.49, 95% CI 1.64–3.78) [66].