CXCL12 and neoplasm: They express markers such as fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and secrete mediators, including CXCL12 and IL-6, which promote tumor growth, invasion, castration resistance, and bone metastasis while shaping immune infiltration by attracting immunosuppressive cells like MDSCs or preventing the recruitment of cytotoxic T-cells [13,14,15].