VCAM1 and cancer: PAK1&4KO markedly increased ICAM-1 (Figure 6a) and VCAM-1 (Figure 6b) expression in pancreatic tumour tissues while decreasing the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 by cancer cells (Figure 6c), indicating that PAK1&4KO upregulated the ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in tumour stromal cells rather than the tumour cells.