ADIPOQ and metabolic syndrome: Smoking is a well-established factor for MetS that triggers the release of inflammatory mediators, including lipoprotein lipase, adiponectin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [1], and on this basis, it can be hypothesized that sex hormones may also reduce the risk of smoking-related MetS by alleviating chronic inflammation in women.