APP and Alzheimer disease: Experimental studies have demonstrated that anthocyanins, as natural substances found in plants, can reverse the protein expression of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway (bcl-2-associated x protein (Bax), cytochrome C, cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed protease-9 (caspase-9), and cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed protease-3 (caspase-3) and AD markers (Aβ, amyloid precursor protein (APP), phosphorylated tau (p-Tau), and β-secretase 1 (BACE-1)) induced by Aβ [121,122].