CDKN1B and renal fibrosis: This revealed that AGEs through epigenetic alteration of H3K27me3 in proximal tubular cells may contribute to (I) the onset of renal fibrosis via Snai1 induction [42,43]; (II) activation of genes involved in the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition by elevating Ctgf mRNA expression [44,68]; and (III) proximal tubular cell hypertrophy via p27Kip1 [45,69,70], mechanisms previously linked to elevated glucose or blood pressure.