Accordingly with previous reports, including our recent findings on ex vivo cultured AAA tissues, we mainly focused on few readouts, i.e., CXCR2/CXCL1/IL-8 and MMP9 expressed genes, the activities of MMP9 and NAD(P)H oxidases, ATP release, mitochondrial and cytoskeletal organization [11,12,13,14]. Here, CXCL1 is linked to triple-A syndrome.