This article systematically reviews the research progress of SERBP1 in various fields including cellular stress response, tumorigenesis and development, reproductive system regulation, nervous system function, and viral infection, elaborates on its mechanism of action in detail (including newly supplemented content on cell cycle regulation, interaction with PARP1, and ribosome biogenesis), and outlines future research directions. This evidence concerns the gene PARP1 and viral infectious disease.