This comprehensive narrative review was informed by a systematic PubMed/MEDLINE database search (latest update October 2025) for English-language articles using the keywords “hungry bone syndrome,” “secondary hyperparathyroidism,” “parathyroidectomy,” “bone turnover markers,” “alkaline phosphatase,” “parathyroid hormone,” “chronic kidney disease,” “hypocalcemia,” and “risk prediction models.” We identified and screened relevant original research articles, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, clinical practice guidelines, and seminal foundational studies. This evidence concerns the gene PTH and Hypocalcemia.