Mechanistically, GLP-1 agonists demonstrate evident anti-TNF activity through NF-κB pathway inhibition, with exendin-4 significantly reducing TNF levels induced by multiple Toll-like receptor agonists and liraglutide decreasing synovial inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in a murine osteoarthritis model [110,111]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and osteoarthritis.