NPPB and aortic stenosis: These include very severe AS (mean gradient ≥ 60 mmHg or Vmax > 5.0 m/s), severe valve calcification with rapid progression of transvalvular velocity (≥0.3 m/s/year), markedly elevated natriuretic peptide levels (BNP or NT-proBNP >3 times the age- and sex-adjusted normal values, confirmed and without alternative explanation), or a reduction in LVEF to below 55% in the absence of other identifiable causes.