GDM-A-MSCs showed increased angiogenic capacity in tube formation assays, associated with upregulation of pro-angiogenic genes including fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), serpin family E member 1 (SERPINE1), transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 (TGFBR1) and VEGF [29]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFBR1 and gestational diabetes.