GDM-UC-MSCs have reduced gene expression of the mitochondria-related genes complex I subunit NADH-ubiquinone (ND2), complex V subunit (AS8), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), and NADH dehydrogenase 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 (NDUFB9) alongside reduced protein expression of oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) subunits ND9 and cytochrome c oxidase (COX1) and TFAM and PGC-1α [19,21]. The gene discussed is PPARGC1A; the disease is gestational diabetes.