These included kelch13, multidrug-resistant protein 1 (pfmdr1), dihydrofolate reductase (pfdhfr), dihydropteroate synthase (pfdhps), chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt), and the circumsporozoite protein (pfcsp) gene, which is the target of the current malaria vaccine. This evidence concerns the gene ABCB1 and malaria.