For instance, hypermethylation of actin cytoskeleton-associated genes may impair RPE phagocytic capacity [89], while IL-6/IL-17A and TGF-β signaling pathways could exacerbate inflammation, fibrosis, and EMT, hallmarks of AMD, a disease clinically related to STGD1. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is age-related macular degeneration.