To investigate the association between butyrophilin genes and CeD risk, a cohort of 48 CeD and 46 control patients was examined for SNPs in 10 butyrophilin family genes, selected based on their gene expression profile in the duodenum, small intestines, and immune cells (Table A2 and Table A3) and their role in immunomodulation: BTN2A1, BTN2A2, BTN3A1, BTN3A2, BTN3A3, BTNL2, BTNL3, BTNL8, ERMAP, and MOG. This evidence concerns the gene BTNL3 and cranioectodermal dysplasia.