ISG15 and AIDS: These findings are also consistent with previous reports by Massanella et al. (2013), who observed a robust downregulation of interferon-inducible genes such as MX1, ISG15, and IFIT3 after 48 weeks of ART, and by Boulware et al. (2010), who similarly demonstrated decreased expression of multiple ISGs—including IFI44L, MX1, IFIT3, IFI27, IFI6, and IFI35—within the first 24 weeks of ART in patients with AIDS [7,8].